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   I. Crusades overview

   II. Crusaders and Military Orders

   III. Maps and Castles of the Holy Land

   IV. Cities of the Orient

   V. Famous historical figures

   VI. Various images


* References are indicated when available *






Crusades overview:



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Urban II preaching the Crusade at Clermont in 1095 (Livre des Passages d'Outre-mer, 15th century, BN, MS Fr. 5594, f. 9)



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Urbain II en route to the council at Clermont



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Crusade propaganda: Christian pilgrims killed by Muslims in the Holy Land



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Peter the Hermit leading the People's Crusade (Abreviamen de las Estorias, 14th century, BL, MS Egerton 1500 f. 45v).



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Peter the Hermit leading the People's Crusade



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Massacre of the Jews by the People's Crusade



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Massacre of the Jews by the People's Crusade (Auguste Migette, 1802-1884, Metz, musée d'Art et d'Histoire)



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Peter the Hermit meets the Byzantine Emperor



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People's Crusade defeated at Civitot (15th century)



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People's Crusade defeated at Civitot (Gustave Doré, 19th century)



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First Crusade: Godefroi of Bouillon leading his army (13th century, BN MS Fr. 9084, f. 20v)



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The Crusade leaders crossing the Bosporus



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The siege of Nicaea



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Crusaders fighting the Turks



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The Battle of Doryleum (Histoire d'Outremer, 14th century, BN MS Fr. 352 f. 49)



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Christian knights charging the Muslims (Les Chroniques de France ou de St-Denis, 15th century, BL MS Add. 21143, f. 90)



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The siege of Antioch



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The siege of Antioch



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The siege of Antioch



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The siege of Antioch (Gustave Doré, 19th century)



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Massacre in Antioch (Gustave Doré, 19th century)



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The discovery of the Holy Lance (National Geographic Society, 1969)



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The discovery of the Holy Lance



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The Holy Lance held by Adhémar du Puy before Antioch (13th century, BL MS Yates Thompson 12, f. 29).



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Cannibalism at Maarat



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The siege of Jerusalem: procession around the walls



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The Crusaders besieging Jerusalem



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The Crusaders attacking Jerusalem (Guillaume de Tyr, Histoire d'Outremer, Bibliothèque municipale, Lyon)



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The Crusaders invade Jerusalem



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The victorious Crusaders



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Recovery of the Cross (Gustave Doré, 19th century)



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Death of Godefroi de Bouillon (1099)



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Second Crusade: departure of Louis VII (14th century)



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Second Crusade arrives at Constantinople in 1147



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Second Crusade is ambushed by the Turks in Asia Minor (Gustave Doré, 19th century)



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Second Crusade: the leaders hold a council at Acre before besieging Damascus (13th century, Bibliothèque municipale de Lyon, MS 828, f. 189r.)



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The Second Crusade: siege of Damascus by the armies of Baldwin III, Louis VII and Conrad III in 1149. (Miniature of S. Mamerot, BN, Paris)



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Jerusalem captured by Saladin in 1187



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Saladin victorious



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The Christians submit to Saladin



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Third Crusade: Richard the Lionheart and Philip Augustus take the Cross (Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal, Paris)



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Third Crusade: Richard the Lionheart and Philip Augustus quarrel at Messina, Sicily (Les Chroniques de France ou de St-Denis, 14th century, BL MS Roy. 16 G VI, f. 350)



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Third Crusade: Richard the Lionheart and Philip Augustus receive the keys of Acre (Bibliothèque nationale de Paris)



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Third Crusade: Richard the Lionheart against Saladin



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Third Crusade: Richard the Lionheart orders the massacre of Muslim prisoners



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The diversion of the Fourth Crusade



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Fourth Crusade: the Crusaders arrive at Constantinople (BN, Paris, XVe siècle)



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Fourth Crusade: the sack of Constantinople (Eugène Delacroix, 19th century)



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Booty from Constantinople (Saint-Marc cathedral, Venice)



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Booty from Constantinople (Saint-Marc cathedral, Venice)



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Booty from Constantinople (Saint-Marc cathedral, Venice)



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Booty from Constantinople (Saint-Marc cathedral, Venice)



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Booty from Constantinople (Saint-Marc cathedral, Venice)



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Bronze horses captured from Constantinople (Saint-Marc cathedral, Venice)



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Venice in the 14th century: the bronze horses pillaged at Constantinople adorn Saint-Marc's cathedral (Les Livres du Graunt Caam, 14th century, Bodleian Library, MS 264, f. 218r).



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Sixth Crusade: the restitution of Jerusalem by Al-Kamil



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Seventh Crusade: the departure of Saint-Louis (XVe siècle, Louvres)



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Seventh crusade: the Crusade lands in Egypt



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Seventh crusade: the Crusade lands in Egypt



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Seventh crusade: the Crusaders besiege Damietta, in Egypt



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Seventh Crusade: Saint-Louis buries the bones of the dead at Damietta



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Seventh Crusade: Saint-Louis at Mansourah (Le livre des faits de Monseigneur Saint Louis, BN, Paris)



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Seventh Crusade: Saint-Louis taken prisoner at Mansourah (Gustave Doré, 19th century)



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Seventh Crusade: Saint-Louis taken prisoner at Mansourah



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Seventh Crusade: Saint-Louis, freed, goes to Acre (Le livre des faits de Monseigneur Saint Louis, BN, Paris)



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Eighth Crusade: Saint-Louis dies at Tunis



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Eighth Crusade: Saint-Louis dies at Tunis (Le livre des faits de Monseigneur Saint Louis, BN, Paris)



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The Children's Crusade



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The Children's Crusade (Gustave Doré, 19th century)



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The Albigensian Crusades: the Cathars leave Carcassonne



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The siege of Acre in 1288 (Bibliothèque nationale de Paris)



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The Crusade of Nicopolis (1396)







Crusaders and Military Orders:



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A praying Crusader (13th century, BL MS Royal 2A XXII f. 220)



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Praying Crusaders (Naples, Dôme de Saint-Janvier, 14th century)



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A Crusader leaving his family (Gustave Doré, 19th century)



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Norman cavalry



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The Military Orders



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The Hospitalers



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The Hospitalers



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The Templars



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The Templars



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Templar seal



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Teutonic knights







Maps and Castles of the Holy Land:



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The Crusader States in 1135



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The Crusader States in 1135



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The Latin Empire of Constantinople (1204-1261)



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The Latin Empire of Constantinople (1204-1261)



carte_etats_latins_forteresses.jpg


Castles and strongholds of the Crusader States



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Krak des chevaliers



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Krak des chevaliers



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Krak des chevaliers: gothic architecture



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Krak des chevaliers: gothic architecture



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Krak des chevaliers: defenses



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Krak des chevaliers: miniature model



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Baghras castle



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Belvoir castle



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Belvoir castle: plan



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Krak de Châtel-Blanc



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Krak de Châtel-Blanc: cutaway view



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Sholbac castle







The Cities of the Orient:



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Bird's-eye view of Acre



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Modern Acre



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Modern Acre: the port






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Aleppo: citadel



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Aleppo: citadel



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Aleppo: citadel



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Aleppo: street






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Antioch: map



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Modern Antioch: view from mount Silpius



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Antioch: countryside view from mount Silpius



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Antioch: defenses






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Arsuf






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Cairo: citadel






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Constantinople: map (by Benoît Fraikin)



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Constantinople: city centre



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Constantinople: city centre



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Constantinople: Bosporus



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Constantinople: the Hippodrome



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Constantinople: the Hippodrome



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Constantinople: walls of Theodosius



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Constantinople: walls of Theodosius



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Constantinople: walls of Theodosius



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Constantinople: the Golden Gate



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Constantinople: Hagia Sophia (no minarets)



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Constantinople: Hagia Sophia (with minarets)



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Constantinople: Hagia Sophia (interior)



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Constantinople: Hagia Sophia (Ottoman period)



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Constantinople: Hagia Sophia (cross section)



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Constantinople: Hagia Sophia (plan)






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Bird's-eye view of Caesarea






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Jerusalem



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Jerusalem: romantic painting



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Jerusalem: Damas door



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Jerusalem: Al-Aqsa mosque



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Jerusalem: 12th century



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Jerusalem: 12th century



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Jerusalem: medieval map



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Jerusalem: medieval map



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Jerusalem: Holy Sepulchre (exterior)



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Jerusalem: Holy Sepulchre (cutaway view)



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Jerusalem: Holy Sepulchre (Gustave Doré, 19th century)






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Venice: Saint-Marc cathedral



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Venice: Saint-Marc cathedral (interior)






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Village



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Countryside



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Countryside



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Olive oil production







Famous historical figures:



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Alexios I Comnnenos: Byzantine Emperor (1081-1118)



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Alexios III Angelos: Byzantine Emperor (1195-1203)



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Alexios IV Angelos: Byzantine Emperor (1203-1204)



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Baldwin I: King of Jerusalem (1100-1118)



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Bernard of Clairvaux: theologian (1113-1153)



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Bernard of Clairvaux: theologian (1113-1153)



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Blanche of Castille: mother of Saint-Louis



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Conrad III: German King (1138-1152)



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Conrad of Montferrat: King of Jerusalem (1192)



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Foulques of Neuilly: preacher of the Fourth Crusade



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Frederick I Barbarossa: German Emperor (1155-1190)



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Frederick II of Hohenstaufen: German Emperor (1220-1250)



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Godefroi of Bouillon: Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre (1099-1110)



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William of Tyre: archbishop and historian (m. 1185)



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Guy of Lusignan: King of Jerusalem (1186-1192)



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John II Comnenos: Byzantine Emperor (1118-1143)



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Louis VII: King of France (1137-1180)



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Manuel I Comnnenos: Byzantine Emperor (1143-1180)



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Philip II Augustus: King of France (1180-1223)



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Philip IV the Fair: King of France (1285-1314)



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Pierre the Hermit: monk and leader of the People's Crusade



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Richard the Lionheart: King of England (1188-1199)



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Saint-Louis (Louis IX): King of France (1226-1270)



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Saladin: sultan of Egypt (1171-1193)






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Pope Boniface VIII: (1294-1303)



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Pope Clement III: (1187-1191)



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Pope Clement V: (1305-1314)



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Pope Eugene III: (1145-1153)



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Pope Gregory VII: (1073-1085)



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Pope Gregory VIII: (1187)



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Pope Honorius III: (1216-1227)



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Pope Innocent III: (1198-1216)







Divers:



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Muezzin



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Mameluks



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Seldjukid Turks



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Seldjukid Turks



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Seldjukid Turks



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Valley of the Assassins in Iran



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Assassination attempt of Edward III



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Muslim trade routes in the Middle Ages



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Greek fire



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Christian ship



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Ship from Saint-Louis's navy



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Christian prisoners decapitated by the Muslims (Crusade propaganda) (Les Livres du Graunt Caam, XIVe siècle, BL MS Roy. 19 D I, f. 107)












Marc Carrier

Copyright © 2007 Marc Carrier (copyright policy)