I. Crusades overview
II. Crusaders and Military Orders
III. Maps and Castles of the Holy Land
IV. Cities of the Orient
V. Famous historical figures
VI. Various images
* References are indicated when available *
Crusades overview:
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Urban II preaching the Crusade at Clermont in 1095 (Livre des Passages d'Outre-mer, 15th century, BN, MS Fr. 5594, f. 9)
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Urbain II en route to the council at Clermont
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Crusade propaganda: Christian pilgrims killed by Muslims in the Holy Land
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Peter the Hermit leading the People's Crusade (Abreviamen de las Estorias, 14th century, BL, MS Egerton 1500 f. 45v).
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Peter the Hermit leading the People's Crusade
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Massacre of the Jews by the People's Crusade
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Massacre of the Jews by the People's Crusade (Auguste Migette, 1802-1884, Metz, musée d'Art et d'Histoire)
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Peter the Hermit meets the Byzantine Emperor
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People's Crusade defeated at Civitot (15th century)
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People's Crusade defeated at Civitot (Gustave Doré, 19th century)
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First Crusade: Godefroi of Bouillon leading his army (13th century, BN MS Fr. 9084, f. 20v)
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The Crusade leaders crossing the Bosporus
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The siege of Nicaea
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Crusaders fighting the Turks
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The Battle of Doryleum (Histoire d'Outremer, 14th century, BN MS Fr. 352 f. 49)
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Christian knights charging the Muslims (Les Chroniques de France ou de St-Denis, 15th century, BL MS Add. 21143, f. 90)
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The siege of Antioch
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The siege of Antioch
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The siege of Antioch
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The siege of Antioch (Gustave Doré, 19th century)
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Massacre in Antioch (Gustave Doré, 19th century)
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The discovery of the Holy Lance (National Geographic Society, 1969)
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The discovery of the Holy Lance
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The Holy Lance held by Adhémar du Puy before Antioch (13th century, BL MS Yates Thompson 12, f. 29).
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Cannibalism at Maarat
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The siege of Jerusalem: procession around the walls
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The Crusaders besieging Jerusalem
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The Crusaders attacking Jerusalem (Guillaume de Tyr, Histoire d'Outremer, Bibliothèque municipale, Lyon)
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The Crusaders invade Jerusalem
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The victorious Crusaders
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Recovery of the Cross (Gustave Doré, 19th century)
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Death of Godefroi de Bouillon (1099)
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Second Crusade: departure of Louis VII (14th century)
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Second Crusade arrives at Constantinople in 1147
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Second Crusade is ambushed by the Turks in Asia Minor (Gustave Doré, 19th century)
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Second Crusade: the leaders hold a council at Acre before besieging Damascus (13th century, Bibliothèque municipale de Lyon, MS 828, f. 189r.)
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The Second Crusade: siege of Damascus by the armies of Baldwin III, Louis VII and Conrad III in 1149. (Miniature of S. Mamerot, BN, Paris)
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Jerusalem captured by Saladin in 1187
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Saladin victorious
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The Christians submit to Saladin
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Third Crusade: Richard the Lionheart and Philip Augustus take the Cross (Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal, Paris)
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Third Crusade: Richard the Lionheart and Philip Augustus quarrel at Messina, Sicily (Les Chroniques de France ou de St-Denis, 14th century, BL MS Roy. 16 G VI, f. 350)
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Third Crusade: Richard the Lionheart and Philip Augustus receive the keys of Acre (Bibliothèque nationale de Paris)
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Third Crusade: Richard the Lionheart against Saladin
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Third Crusade: Richard the Lionheart orders the massacre of Muslim prisoners
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The diversion of the Fourth Crusade
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Fourth Crusade: the Crusaders arrive at Constantinople (BN, Paris, XVe siècle)
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Fourth Crusade: the sack of Constantinople (Eugène Delacroix, 19th century)
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Booty from Constantinople (Saint-Marc cathedral, Venice)
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Booty from Constantinople (Saint-Marc cathedral, Venice)
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Booty from Constantinople (Saint-Marc cathedral, Venice)
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Booty from Constantinople (Saint-Marc cathedral, Venice)
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Booty from Constantinople (Saint-Marc cathedral, Venice)
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Bronze horses captured from Constantinople (Saint-Marc cathedral, Venice)
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Venice in the 14th century: the bronze horses pillaged at Constantinople adorn Saint-Marc's cathedral (Les Livres du Graunt Caam, 14th century, Bodleian Library, MS 264, f. 218r).
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Sixth Crusade: the restitution of Jerusalem by Al-Kamil
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Seventh Crusade: the departure of Saint-Louis (XVe siècle, Louvres)
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Seventh crusade: the Crusade lands in Egypt
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Seventh crusade: the Crusade lands in Egypt
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Seventh crusade: the Crusaders besiege Damietta, in Egypt
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Seventh Crusade: Saint-Louis buries the bones of the dead at Damietta
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Seventh Crusade: Saint-Louis at Mansourah (Le livre des faits de Monseigneur Saint Louis, BN, Paris)
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Seventh Crusade: Saint-Louis taken prisoner at Mansourah (Gustave Doré, 19th century)
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Seventh Crusade: Saint-Louis taken prisoner at Mansourah
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Seventh Crusade: Saint-Louis, freed, goes to Acre (Le livre des faits de Monseigneur Saint Louis, BN, Paris)
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Eighth Crusade: Saint-Louis dies at Tunis
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Eighth Crusade: Saint-Louis dies at Tunis (Le livre des faits de Monseigneur Saint Louis, BN, Paris)
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The Children's Crusade
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The Children's Crusade (Gustave Doré, 19th century)
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The Albigensian Crusades: the Cathars leave Carcassonne
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The siege of Acre in 1288 (Bibliothèque nationale de Paris)
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The Crusade of Nicopolis (1396)
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Crusaders and Military Orders:
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A praying Crusader (13th century, BL MS Royal 2A XXII f. 220)
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Praying Crusaders (Naples, Dôme de Saint-Janvier, 14th century)
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A Crusader leaving his family (Gustave Doré, 19th century)
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Norman cavalry
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The Military Orders
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The Hospitalers
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The Hospitalers
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The Templars
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The Templars
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Templar seal
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Teutonic knights
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Maps and Castles of the Holy Land:
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The Crusader States in 1135
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The Crusader States in 1135
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The Latin Empire of Constantinople (1204-1261)
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The Latin Empire of Constantinople (1204-1261)
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Castles and strongholds of the Crusader States
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Krak des chevaliers
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Krak des chevaliers
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Krak des chevaliers: gothic architecture
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Krak des chevaliers: gothic architecture
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Krak des chevaliers: defenses
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Krak des chevaliers: miniature model
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Baghras castle
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Belvoir castle
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Belvoir castle: plan
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Krak de Châtel-Blanc
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Krak de Châtel-Blanc: cutaway view
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Sholbac castle
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The Cities of the Orient:
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Bird's-eye view of Acre
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Modern Acre
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Modern Acre: the port
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Aleppo: citadel
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Aleppo: citadel
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Aleppo: citadel
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Aleppo: street
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Antioch: map
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Modern Antioch: view from mount Silpius
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Antioch: countryside view from mount Silpius
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Antioch: defenses
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Arsuf
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Cairo: citadel
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Constantinople: map (by Benoît Fraikin)
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Constantinople: city centre
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Constantinople: city centre
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Constantinople: Bosporus
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Constantinople: the Hippodrome
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Constantinople: the Hippodrome
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Constantinople: walls of Theodosius
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Constantinople: walls of Theodosius
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Constantinople: walls of Theodosius
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Constantinople: the Golden Gate
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Constantinople: Hagia Sophia (no minarets)
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Constantinople: Hagia Sophia (with minarets)
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Constantinople: Hagia Sophia (interior)
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Constantinople: Hagia Sophia (Ottoman period)
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Constantinople: Hagia Sophia (cross section)
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Constantinople: Hagia Sophia (plan)
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Bird's-eye view of Caesarea
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Jerusalem
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Jerusalem: romantic painting
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Jerusalem: Damas door
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Jerusalem: Al-Aqsa mosque
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Jerusalem: 12th century
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Jerusalem: 12th century
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Jerusalem: medieval map
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Jerusalem: medieval map
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Jerusalem: Holy Sepulchre (exterior)
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Jerusalem: Holy Sepulchre (cutaway view)
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Jerusalem: Holy Sepulchre (Gustave Doré, 19th century)
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Venice: Saint-Marc cathedral
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Venice: Saint-Marc cathedral (interior)
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Village
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Countryside
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Countryside
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Olive oil production
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Famous historical figures:
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Alexios I Comnnenos: Byzantine Emperor (1081-1118)
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Alexios III Angelos: Byzantine Emperor (1195-1203)
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Alexios IV Angelos: Byzantine Emperor (1203-1204)
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Baldwin I: King of Jerusalem (1100-1118)
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Bernard of Clairvaux: theologian (1113-1153)
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Bernard of Clairvaux: theologian (1113-1153)
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Blanche of Castille: mother of Saint-Louis
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Conrad III: German King (1138-1152)
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Conrad of Montferrat: King of Jerusalem (1192)
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Foulques of Neuilly: preacher of the Fourth Crusade
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Frederick I Barbarossa: German Emperor (1155-1190)
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Frederick II of Hohenstaufen: German Emperor (1220-1250)
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Godefroi of Bouillon: Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre (1099-1110)
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William of Tyre: archbishop and historian (m. 1185)
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Guy of Lusignan: King of Jerusalem (1186-1192)
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John II Comnenos: Byzantine Emperor (1118-1143)
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Louis VII: King of France (1137-1180)
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Manuel I Comnnenos: Byzantine Emperor (1143-1180)
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Philip II Augustus: King of France (1180-1223)
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Philip IV the Fair: King of France (1285-1314)
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Pierre the Hermit: monk and leader of the People's Crusade
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Richard the Lionheart: King of England (1188-1199)
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Saint-Louis (Louis IX): King of France (1226-1270)
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Saladin: sultan of Egypt (1171-1193)
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Pope Boniface VIII: (1294-1303)
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Pope Clement III: (1187-1191)
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Pope Clement V: (1305-1314)
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Pope Eugene III: (1145-1153)
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Pope Gregory VII: (1073-1085)
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Pope Gregory VIII: (1187)
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Pope Honorius III: (1216-1227)
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Pope Innocent III: (1198-1216)
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Divers:
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Muezzin
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Mameluks
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Seldjukid Turks
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Seldjukid Turks
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Seldjukid Turks
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Valley of the Assassins in Iran
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Assassination attempt of Edward III
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Muslim trade routes in the Middle Ages
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Greek fire
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Christian ship
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Ship from Saint-Louis's navy
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Christian prisoners decapitated by the Muslims (Crusade propaganda) (Les Livres du Graunt Caam, XIVe siècle, BL MS Roy. 19 D I, f. 107)
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